4 The following is a consolidated list of the kernel parameters as implemented
5 (mostly) by the __setup() macro and sorted into English Dictionary order
6 (defined as ignoring all punctuation and sorting digits before letters in a
7 case insensitive manner), and with descriptions where known.
9 Module parameters for loadable modules are specified only as the
10 parameter name with optional '=' and value as appropriate, such as:
12 modprobe usbcore blinkenlights=1
14 Module parameters for modules that are built into the kernel image
15 are specified on the kernel command line with the module name plus
16 '.' plus parameter name, with '=' and value if appropriate, such as:
18 usbcore.blinkenlights=1
20 This document may not be entirely up to date and comprehensive. The command
21 "modinfo -p ${modulename}" shows a current list of all parameters of a loadable
22 module. Loadable modules, after being loaded into the running kernel, also
23 reveal their parameters in /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/. Some of these
24 parameters may be changed at runtime by the command
25 "echo -n ${value} > /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/${parm}".
27 The parameters listed below are only valid if certain kernel build options were
28 enabled and if respective hardware is present. The text in square brackets at
29 the beginning of each description states the restrictions within which a
30 parameter is applicable:
32 ACPI ACPI support is enabled.
33 AGP AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) is enabled.
34 ALSA ALSA sound support is enabled.
35 APIC APIC support is enabled.
36 APM Advanced Power Management support is enabled.
37 AVR32 AVR32 architecture is enabled.
38 AX25 Appropriate AX.25 support is enabled.
39 BLACKFIN Blackfin architecture is enabled.
40 DRM Direct Rendering Management support is enabled.
41 EDD BIOS Enhanced Disk Drive Services (EDD) is enabled
42 EFI EFI Partitioning (GPT) is enabled
43 EIDE EIDE/ATAPI support is enabled.
44 FB The frame buffer device is enabled.
45 HW Appropriate hardware is enabled.
46 IA-64 IA-64 architecture is enabled.
47 IOSCHED More than one I/O scheduler is enabled.
48 IP_PNP IP DHCP, BOOTP, or RARP is enabled.
49 ISAPNP ISA PnP code is enabled.
50 ISDN Appropriate ISDN support is enabled.
51 JOY Appropriate joystick support is enabled.
52 LIBATA Libata driver is enabled
53 LP Printer support is enabled.
54 LOOP Loopback device support is enabled.
55 M68k M68k architecture is enabled.
56 These options have more detailed description inside of
57 Documentation/m68k/kernel-options.txt.
58 MCA MCA bus support is enabled.
59 MDA MDA console support is enabled.
60 MOUSE Appropriate mouse support is enabled.
61 MSI Message Signaled Interrupts (PCI).
62 MTD MTD (Memory Technology Device) support is enabled.
63 NET Appropriate network support is enabled.
64 NUMA NUMA support is enabled.
65 GENERIC_TIME The generic timeofday code is enabled.
66 NFS Appropriate NFS support is enabled.
67 OSS OSS sound support is enabled.
68 PV_OPS A paravirtualized kernel is enabled.
69 PARIDE The ParIDE (parallel port IDE) subsystem is enabled.
70 PARISC The PA-RISC architecture is enabled.
71 PCI PCI bus support is enabled.
72 PCIE PCI Express support is enabled.
73 PCMCIA The PCMCIA subsystem is enabled.
74 PNP Plug & Play support is enabled.
75 PPC PowerPC architecture is enabled.
76 PPT Parallel port support is enabled.
77 PS2 Appropriate PS/2 support is enabled.
78 RAM RAM disk support is enabled.
79 ROOTPLUG The example Root Plug LSM is enabled.
80 S390 S390 architecture is enabled.
81 SCSI Appropriate SCSI support is enabled.
82 A lot of drivers has their options described inside of
84 SECURITY Different security models are enabled.
85 SELINUX SELinux support is enabled.
86 SERIAL Serial support is enabled.
87 SH SuperH architecture is enabled.
88 SMP The kernel is an SMP kernel.
89 SPARC Sparc architecture is enabled.
90 SWSUSP Software suspend is enabled.
91 TS Appropriate touchscreen support is enabled.
92 USB USB support is enabled.
93 USBHID USB Human Interface Device support is enabled.
94 V4L Video For Linux support is enabled.
95 VGA The VGA console has been enabled.
96 VT Virtual terminal support is enabled.
97 WDT Watchdog support is enabled.
98 XT IBM PC/XT MFM hard disk support is enabled.
99 X86-32 X86-32, aka i386 architecture is enabled.
100 X86-64 X86-64 architecture is enabled.
101 More X86-64 boot options can be found in
102 Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt .
104 In addition, the following text indicates that the option:
106 BUGS= Relates to possible processor bugs on the said processor.
107 KNL Is a kernel start-up parameter.
108 BOOT Is a boot loader parameter.
110 Parameters denoted with BOOT are actually interpreted by the boot
111 loader, and have no meaning to the kernel directly.
112 Do not modify the syntax of boot loader parameters without extreme
113 need or coordination with <Documentation/i386/boot.txt>.
115 There are also arch-specific kernel-parameters not documented here.
116 See for example <Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt>.
118 Note that ALL kernel parameters listed below are CASE SENSITIVE, and that
119 a trailing = on the name of any parameter states that that parameter will
120 be entered as an environment variable, whereas its absence indicates that
121 it will appear as a kernel argument readable via /proc/cmdline by programs
122 running once the system is up.
124 The number of kernel parameters is not limited, but the length of the
125 complete command line (parameters including spaces etc.) is limited to
126 a fixed number of characters. This limit depends on the architecture
127 and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
128 ./include/asm/setup.h as COMMAND_LINE_SIZE.
131 acpi= [HW,ACPI,X86-64,i386]
132 Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
133 Format: { force | off | ht | strict | noirq }
134 force -- enable ACPI if default was off
135 off -- disable ACPI if default was on
136 noirq -- do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
137 ht -- run only enough ACPI to enable Hyper Threading
138 strict -- Be less tolerant of platforms that are not
139 strictly ACPI specification compliant.
141 See also Documentation/pm.txt, pci=noacpi
143 acpi_apic_instance= [ACPI, IOAPIC]
145 2: use 2nd APIC table, if available
146 1,0: use 1st APIC table
149 acpi_sleep= [HW,ACPI] Sleep options
150 Format: { s3_bios, s3_mode, s3_beep }
151 See Documentation/power/video.txt for s3_bios and s3_mode.
152 s3_beep is for debugging; it makes the PC's speaker beep
153 as soon as the kernel's real-mode entry point is called.
155 acpi_sci= [HW,ACPI] ACPI System Control Interrupt trigger mode
156 Format: { level | edge | high | low }
158 acpi_irq_balance [HW,ACPI]
159 ACPI will balance active IRQs
162 acpi_irq_nobalance [HW,ACPI]
163 ACPI will not move active IRQs (default)
166 acpi_irq_pci= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, clear listed IRQs for
168 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
170 acpi_irq_isa= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, mark listed IRQs used by ISA
171 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
173 acpi_new_pts_ordering [HW,ACPI]
174 Enforce the ACPI 2.0 ordering of the _PTS control
175 method wrt putting devices into low power states
176 default: pre ACPI 2.0 ordering of _PTS
178 acpi_no_auto_ssdt [HW,ACPI] Disable automatic loading of SSDT
180 acpi_os_name= [HW,ACPI] Tell ACPI BIOS the name of the OS
181 Format: To spoof as Windows 98: ="Microsoft Windows"
183 acpi_osi= [HW,ACPI] Modify list of supported OS interface strings
184 acpi_osi="string1" # add string1 -- only one string
185 acpi_osi="!string2" # remove built-in string2
186 acpi_osi= # disable all strings
188 acpi_serialize [HW,ACPI] force serialization of AML methods
190 acpi_skip_timer_override [HW,ACPI]
191 Recognize and ignore IRQ0/pin2 Interrupt Override.
192 For broken nForce2 BIOS resulting in XT-PIC timer.
193 acpi_use_timer_override [HW,ACPI}
194 Use timer override. For some broken Nvidia NF5 boards
195 that require a timer override, but don't have
198 acpi.debug_layer= [HW,ACPI]
200 Each bit of the <int> indicates an ACPI debug layer,
201 1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
202 debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
203 via /sys/module/acpi/parameters/debug_layer.
204 CONFIG_ACPI_DEBUG must be enabled for this to produce any output.
205 Available bits (add the numbers together) to enable debug output
206 for specific parts of the ACPI subsystem:
207 0x01 utilities 0x02 hardware 0x04 events 0x08 tables
208 0x10 namespace 0x20 parser 0x40 dispatcher
209 0x80 executer 0x100 resources 0x200 acpica debugger
210 0x400 os services 0x800 acpica disassembler.
211 The number can be in decimal or prefixed with 0x in hex.
212 Warning: Many of these options can produce a lot of
213 output and make your system unusable. Be very careful.
215 acpi.debug_level= [HW,ACPI]
217 Each bit of the <int> indicates an ACPI debug level,
218 1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
219 debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
220 via /sys/module/acpi/parameters/debug_level.
221 CONFIG_ACPI_DEBUG must be enabled for this to produce any output.
222 Available bits (add the numbers together) to enable different
223 debug output levels of the ACPI subsystem:
224 0x01 error 0x02 warn 0x04 init 0x08 debug object
225 0x10 info 0x20 init names 0x40 parse 0x80 load
226 0x100 dispatch 0x200 execute 0x400 names 0x800 operation region
227 0x1000 bfield 0x2000 tables 0x4000 values 0x8000 objects
228 0x10000 resources 0x20000 user requests 0x40000 package.
229 The number can be in decimal or prefixed with 0x in hex.
230 Warning: Many of these options can produce a lot of
231 output and make your system unusable. Be very careful.
233 acpi_pm_good [X86-32,X86-64]
234 Override the pmtimer bug detection: force the kernel
235 to assume that this machine's pmtimer latches its value
236 and always returns good values.
239 { off | try_unsupported }
240 off: disable AGP support
241 try_unsupported: try to drive unsupported chipsets
242 (may crash computer or cause data corruption)
244 enable_timer_pin_1 [i386,x86-64]
245 Enable PIN 1 of APIC timer
246 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs
247 (in particular on some ATI chipsets).
248 The kernel tries to set a reasonable default.
250 disable_timer_pin_1 [i386,x86-64]
251 Disable PIN 1 of APIC timer
252 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs.
255 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<type>
258 See header of drivers/scsi/advansys.c.
260 advwdt= [HW,WDT] Advantech WDT
261 Format: <iostart>,<iostop>
263 aedsp16= [HW,OSS] Audio Excel DSP 16
264 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
265 See also header of sound/oss/aedsp16.c.
268 See Documentation/scsi/aha152x.txt.
271 Format: <portbase>[,<buson>,<busoff>[,<dmaspeed>]]
274 See Documentation/scsi/aic7xxx.txt.
277 See Documentation/scsi/aic79xx.txt.
279 amijoy.map= [HW,JOY] Amiga joystick support
280 Map of devices attached to JOY0DAT and JOY1DAT
282 See also Documentation/kernel/input/joystick.txt
284 analog.map= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick and gamepad support
285 Specifies type or capabilities of an analog joystick
286 connected to one of 16 gameports
287 Format: <type1>,<type2>,..<type16>
290 Power management functions (SPARCstation-4/5 + deriv.)
292 Disable APC CPU standby support. SPARCstation-Fox does
293 not play well with APC CPU idle - disable it if you have
294 APC and your system crashes randomly.
296 apic= [APIC,i386] Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller
297 Change the output verbosity whilst booting
298 Format: { quiet (default) | verbose | debug }
299 Change the amount of debugging information output
300 when initialising the APIC and IO-APIC components.
302 apm= [APM] Advanced Power Management
303 See header of arch/i386/kernel/apm.c.
305 arcrimi= [HW,NET] ARCnet - "RIM I" (entirely mem-mapped) cards
306 Format: <io>,<irq>,<nodeID>
310 atarimouse= [HW,MOUSE] Atari Mouse
312 atascsi= [HW,SCSI] Atari SCSI
314 atkbd.extra= [HW] Enable extra LEDs and keys on IBM RapidAccess,
315 EzKey and similar keyboards
317 atkbd.reset= [HW] Reset keyboard during initialization
319 atkbd.set= [HW] Select keyboard code set
320 Format: <int> (2 = AT (default), 3 = PS/2)
322 atkbd.scroll= [HW] Enable scroll wheel on MS Office and similar
325 atkbd.softraw= [HW] Choose between synthetic and real raw mode
326 Format: <bool> (0 = real, 1 = synthetic (default))
328 atkbd.softrepeat= [HW]
329 Use software keyboard repeat
333 baycom_epp= [HW,AX25]
336 baycom_par= [HW,AX25] BayCom Parallel Port AX.25 Modem
338 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_par.c.
340 baycom_ser_fdx= [HW,AX25]
341 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Full Duplex Mode)
342 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>[,<baud>]
343 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_fdx.c.
345 baycom_ser_hdx= [HW,AX25]
346 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Half Duplex Mode)
347 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>
348 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_hdx.c.
350 boot_delay= Milliseconds to delay each printk during boot.
351 Values larger than 10 seconds (10000) are changed to
355 bttv.card= [HW,V4L] bttv (bt848 + bt878 based grabber cards)
356 bttv.radio= Most important insmod options are available as
358 bttv.pll= See Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Insmod-options
359 bttv.tuner= and Documentation/video4linux/bttv/CARDLIST
362 See drivers/scsi/BusLogic.c, comment before function
363 BusLogic_ParseDriverOptions().
365 c101= [NET] Moxa C101 synchronous serial card
367 cachesize= [BUGS=X86-32] Override level 2 CPU cache size detection.
368 Sometimes CPU hardware bugs make them report the cache
369 size incorrectly. The kernel will attempt work arounds
370 to fix known problems, but for some CPUs it is not
371 possible to determine what the correct size should be.
372 This option provides an override for these situations.
375 [SECURITY] Disable capabilities. This would normally
376 be used only if an alternative security model is to be
377 configured. Potentially dangerous and should only be
378 used if you are entirely sure of the consequences.
380 ccw_timeout_log [S390]
381 See Documentation/s390/CommonIO for details.
383 checkreqprot [SELINUX] Set initial checkreqprot flag value.
384 Format: { "0" | "1" }
385 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
386 0 -- check protection applied by kernel (includes
387 any implied execute protection).
388 1 -- check protection requested by application.
389 Default value is set via a kernel config option.
390 Value can be changed at runtime via
391 /selinux/checkreqprot.
394 See Documentation/s390/CommonIO for details.
397 See Documentation/s390/CommonIO for details.
399 clock= [BUGS=X86-32, HW] gettimeofday clocksource override.
401 Forces specified clocksource (if available) to be used
402 when calculating gettimeofday(). If specified
403 clocksource is not available, it defaults to PIT.
404 Format: { pit | tsc | cyclone | pmtmr }
406 clocksource= [GENERIC_TIME] Override the default clocksource
408 Override the default clocksource and use the clocksource
409 with the name specified.
410 Some clocksource names to choose from, depending on
412 [all] jiffies (this is the base, fallback clocksource)
414 [ARM] imx_timer1,OSTS,netx_timer,mpu_timer2,
415 pxa_timer,timer3,32k_counter,timer0_1
417 [X86-32] pit,hpet,tsc,vmi-timer;
418 scx200_hrt on Geode; cyclone on IBM x440
426 clearcpuid=BITNUM [X86]
427 Disable CPUID feature X for the kernel. See
428 include/asm-x86/cpufeature.h for the valid bit numbers.
429 Note the Linux specific bits are not necessarily
430 stable over kernel options, but the vendor specific
432 Also note that user programs calling CPUID directly
433 or using the feature without checking anything
434 will still see it. This just prevents it from
435 being used by the kernel or shown in /proc/cpuinfo.
436 Also note the kernel might malfunction if you disable
439 code_bytes [IA32/X86_64] How many bytes of object code to print
446 [IA32/X86_64] Disable/Enable interrupt 0 timer routing
447 over the 8254 in addition to over the IO-APIC. The
448 kernel tries to set a sensible default.
450 hpet= [X86-32,HPET] option to control HPET usage
451 Format: { enable (default) | disable | force }
452 disable: disable HPET and use PIT instead
453 force: allow force enabled of undocumented chips (ICH4,
456 com20020= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM20020 chipset
458 <io>[,<irq>[,<nodeID>[,<backplane>[,<ckp>[,<timeout>]]]]]
460 com90io= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (IO-mapped buffers)
464 ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (memory-mapped buffers)
465 Format: <io>[,<irq>[,<memstart>]]
467 condev= [HW,S390] console device
470 console= [KNL] Output console device and options.
472 tty<n> Use the virtual console device <n>.
476 Use the specified serial port. The options are of
477 the form "bbbbpnf", where "bbbb" is the baud rate,
478 "p" is parity ("n", "o", or "e"), "n" is number of
479 bits, and "f" is flow control ("r" for RTS or
480 omit it). Default is "9600n8".
482 See Documentation/serial-console.txt for more
484 Documentation/networking/netconsole.txt for an
487 uart[8250],io,<addr>[,options]
488 uart[8250],mmio,<addr>[,options]
489 Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
490 UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address,
491 switching to the matching ttyS device later. The
492 options are the same as for ttyS, above.
494 earlycon= [KNL] Output early console device and options.
495 uart[8250],io,<addr>[,options]
496 uart[8250],mmio,<addr>[,options]
497 Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
498 UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address.
499 The options are the same as for ttyS, above.
502 [HW] Never suspend the console
503 Disable suspending of consoles during suspend and
504 hibernate operations. Once disabled, debugging
505 messages can reach various consoles while the rest
506 of the system is being put to sleep (ie, while
507 debugging driver suspend/resume hooks). This may
508 not work reliably with all consoles, but is known
509 to work with serial and VGA consoles.
511 cpcihp_generic= [HW,PCI] Generic port I/O CompactPCI driver
513 <first_slot>,<last_slot>,<port>,<enum_bit>[,<debug>]
515 crashkernel=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
516 [KNL] Reserve a chunk of physical memory to
517 hold a kernel to switch to with kexec on panic.
519 crashkernel=range1:size1[,range2:size2,...][@offset]
520 [KNL] Same as above, but depends on the memory
521 in the running system. The syntax of range is
522 start-[end] where start and end are both
523 a memory unit (amount[KMG]). See also
524 Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for a example.
527 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mpuio>,<mpuirq>
532 cs89x0_media= [HW,NET]
533 Format: { rj45 | aui | bnc }
536 See header of drivers/s390/block/dasd_devmap.c.
538 db9.dev[2|3]= [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick support via parallel port
539 (one device per port)
540 Format: <port#>,<type>
541 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
543 debug [KNL] Enable kernel debugging (events log level).
546 [KNL] verbose self-tests
548 Print debugging info while doing the locking API
550 We default to 0 (no extra messages), setting it to
551 1 will print _a lot_ more information - normally
552 only useful to kernel developers.
554 decnet.addr= [HW,NET]
555 Format: <area>[,<node>]
556 See also Documentation/networking/decnet.txt.
559 Format: <blue0>,<blue1>,<blue2>,...,<blue15>
560 Change the default blue palette of the console.
561 This is a 16-member array composed of values
565 Format: <green0>,<green1>,<green2>,...,<green15>
566 Change the default green palette of the console.
567 This is a 16-member array composed of values
571 Format: <red0>,<red1>,<red2>,...,<red15>
572 Change the default red palette of the console.
573 This is a 16-member array composed of values
579 Set system-wide default UTF-8 mode for all tty's.
580 Default is 1, i.e. UTF-8 mode is enabled for all
581 newly opened terminals.
584 Set number of hash buckets for dentry cache.
587 IO parameters + enable/disable command.
589 digiepca= [HW,SERIAL]
590 See drivers/char/README.epca and
591 Documentation/digiepca.txt.
593 disable_mtrr_trim [X86, Intel and AMD only]
594 By default the kernel will trim any uncacheable
595 memory out of your available memory pool based on
596 MTRR settings. This parameter disables that behavior,
597 possibly causing your machine to run very slowly.
599 dmasound= [HW,OSS] Sound subsystem buffers
605 earlyprintk= [X86-32,X86-64,SH,BLACKFIN]
607 earlyprintk=serial[,ttySn[,baudrate]]
609 Append ",keep" to not disable it when the real console
612 Only vga or serial at a time, not both.
614 Currently only ttyS0 and ttyS1 are supported.
616 Interaction with the standard serial driver is not
619 The VGA output is eventually overwritten by the real
625 Format: {"of[f]" | "sk[ipmbr]"}
626 See comment in arch/i386/boot/edd.S
628 eisa_irq_edge= [PARISC,HW]
629 See header of drivers/parisc/eisa.c.
632 See comment before function elanfreq_setup() in
633 arch/i386/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/elanfreq.c.
636 Format: {"anticipatory" | "cfq" | "deadline" | "noop"}
637 See Documentation/block/as-iosched.txt and
638 Documentation/block/deadline-iosched.txt for details.
640 elfcorehdr= [X86-32, X86_64]
641 Specifies physical address of start of kernel core
642 image elf header. Generally kexec loader will
643 pass this option to capture kernel.
644 See Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for details.
646 enforcing [SELINUX] Set initial enforcing status.
648 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
649 0 -- permissive (log only, no denials).
650 1 -- enforcing (deny and log).
652 Value can be changed at runtime via /selinux/enforce.
655 Format: <spdif>,[<nomix>,[<amplifier>]]
656 See also header of sound/oss/es1371.c.
658 ether= [HW,NET] Ethernet cards parameters
659 This option is obsoleted by the "netdev=" option, which
660 has equivalent usage. See its documentation for details.
662 eurwdt= [HW,WDT] Eurotech CPU-1220/1410 onboard watchdog.
667 fail_make_request=[KNL]
668 General fault injection mechanism.
669 Format: <interval>,<probability>,<space>,<times>
670 See also /Documentation/fault-injection/.
673 See header of drivers/scsi/fd_mcs.c.
676 See header of drivers/scsi/fdomain.c.
679 See Documentation/floppy.txt.
682 [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick and NES/SNES/PSX pad
683 support via parallel port (up to 5 devices per port)
684 Format: <port#>,<pad1>,<pad2>,<pad3>,<pad4>,<pad5>
685 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
689 gart_fix_e820= [X86_64] disable the fix e820 for K8 GART
694 See header of drivers/scsi/gdth.c.
696 gpt [EFI] Forces disk with valid GPT signature but
697 invalid Protective MBR to be treated as GPT.
701 hashdist= [KNL,NUMA] Large hashes allocated during boot
702 are distributed across NUMA nodes. Defaults on
703 for IA-64, off otherwise.
704 Format: 0 | 1 (for off | on)
706 hcl= [IA-64] SGI's Hardware Graph compatibility layer
708 hd= [EIDE] (E)IDE hard drive subsystem geometry
709 Format: <cyl>,<head>,<sect>
711 hd?= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
712 hd?lun= See Documentation/ide.txt.
714 highmem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] forces the highmem zone to have an exact
715 size of <nn>. This works even on boxes that have no
716 highmem otherwise. This also works to reduce highmem
717 size on bigger boxes.
719 highres= [KNL] Enable/disable high resolution timer mode.
720 Valid parameters: "on", "off"
724 See Documentation/isdn/README.HiSax.
726 hugepages= [HW,X86-32,IA-64] Maximal number of HugeTLB pages.
727 hugepagesz= [HW,IA-64,PPC] The size of the HugeTLB pages.
729 i8042.direct [HW] Put keyboard port into non-translated mode
730 i8042.dumbkbd [HW] Pretend that controller can only read data from
731 keyboard and cannot control its state
732 (Don't attempt to blink the leds)
733 i8042.noaux [HW] Don't check for auxiliary (== mouse) port
734 i8042.nokbd [HW] Don't check/create keyboard port
735 i8042.nomux [HW] Don't check presence of an active multiplexing
737 i8042.nopnp [HW] Don't use ACPIPnP / PnPBIOS to discover KBD/AUX
740 [HW] Frequency with which keyboard LEDs should blink
741 when kernel panics (default is 0.5 sec)
742 i8042.reset [HW] Reset the controller during init and cleanup
743 i8042.unlock [HW] Unlock (ignore) the keylock
747 i8k.ignore_dmi [HW] Continue probing hardware even if DMI data
748 indicates that the driver is running on unsupported
750 i8k.force [HW] Activate i8k driver even if SMM BIOS signature
751 does not match list of supported models.
753 [HW] Report power status in /proc/i8k
754 (disabled by default)
755 i8k.restricted [HW] Allow controlling fans only if SYS_ADMIN
758 ibmmcascsi= [HW,MCA,SCSI] IBM MicroChannel SCSI adapter
759 See Documentation/mca.txt.
762 Format: <io>[,<membase>[,<icn_id>[,<icn_id2>]]]
764 ide= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
765 Format: ide=nodma or ide=doubler or ide=reverse
766 See Documentation/ide.txt.
768 ide?= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
769 Format: ide?=noprobe or chipset specific parameters.
770 See Documentation/ide.txt.
772 idebus= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem - VLB/PCI bus speed
773 See Documentation/ide.txt.
776 Format: idle=poll or idle=mwait
777 Poll forces a polling idle loop that can slightly improves the performance
778 of waking up a idle CPU, but will use a lot of power and make the system
779 run hot. Not recommended.
780 idle=mwait. On systems which support MONITOR/MWAIT but the kernel chose
781 to not use it because it doesn't save as much power as a normal idle
782 loop use the MONITOR/MWAIT idle loop anyways. Performance should be the same
785 ide-pci-generic.all-generic-ide [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
786 Claim all unknown PCI IDE storage controllers.
788 ignore_loglevel [KNL]
789 Ignore loglevel setting - this will print /all/
790 kernel messages to the console. Useful for debugging.
793 Set number of hash buckets for inode cache.
796 See header of drivers/scsi/in2000.c.
800 Run specified binary instead of /sbin/init as init
803 initcall_debug [KNL] Trace initcalls as they are executed. Useful
804 for working out where the kernel is dying during
807 initrd= [BOOT] Specify the location of the initial ramdisk
809 inport.irq= [HW] Inport (ATI XL and Microsoft) busmouse driver
814 intel_iommu= [DMAR] Intel IOMMU driver (DMAR) option
816 Disable intel iommu driver.
817 igfx_off [Default Off]
818 By default, gfx is mapped as normal device. If a gfx
819 device has a dedicated DMAR unit, the DMAR unit is
820 bypassed by not enabling DMAR with this option. In
821 this case, gfx device will use physical address for
824 With this option iommu will not optimize to look
825 for io virtual address below 32 bit forcing dual
826 address cycle on pci bus for cards supporting greater
827 than 32 bit addressing. The default is to look
828 for translation below 32 bit and if not available
829 then look in the higher range.
831 io_delay= [X86-32,X86-64] I/O delay method
833 Standard port 0x80 based delay
835 Alternate port 0xed based delay (needed on some systems)
837 Simple two microseconds delay
841 io7= [HW] IO7 for Marvel based alpha systems
842 See comment before marvel_specify_io7 in
843 arch/alpha/kernel/core_marvel.c.
846 See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
848 ip2= [HW] Set IO/IRQ pairs for up to 4 IntelliPort boards
849 See comment before ip2_setup() in
850 drivers/char/ip2/ip2base.c.
852 ips= [HW,SCSI] Adaptec / IBM ServeRAID controller
853 See header of drivers/scsi/ips.c.
855 ports= [IP_VS_FTP] IPVS ftp helper module
857 Up to 8 (IP_VS_APP_MAX_PORTS) ports
859 Format: <port>,<port>....
862 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
863 for it. Intended to get systems with badly broken
867 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
868 for it. Also check all handlers each timer
869 interrupt. Intended to get systems with badly broken
873 Format: <RDP>,<reset>,<pci_scan>,<verbosity>
875 isolcpus= [KNL,SMP] Isolate CPUs from the general scheduler.
877 <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>
879 <cpu number>-<cpu number> (must be a positive range in ascending order)
881 <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>-<cpu number>
882 This option can be used to specify one or more CPUs
883 to isolate from the general SMP balancing and scheduling
884 algorithms. The only way to move a process onto or off
885 an "isolated" CPU is via the CPU affinity syscalls.
886 <cpu number> begins at 0 and the maximum value is
887 "number of CPUs in system - 1".
889 This option is the preferred way to isolate CPUs. The
890 alternative -- manually setting the CPU mask of all
891 tasks in the system -- can cause problems and
892 suboptimal load balancer performance.
896 js= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick
897 See Documentation/input/joystick.txt.
899 kernelcore=nn[KMG] [KNL,X86-32,IA-64,PPC,X86-64] This parameter
900 specifies the amount of memory usable by the kernel
901 for non-movable allocations. The requested amount is
902 spread evenly throughout all nodes in the system. The
903 remaining memory in each node is used for Movable
904 pages. In the event, a node is too small to have both
905 kernelcore and Movable pages, kernelcore pages will
906 take priority and other nodes will have a larger number
907 of kernelcore pages. The Movable zone is used for the
908 allocation of pages that may be reclaimed or moved
909 by the page migration subsystem. This means that
910 HugeTLB pages may not be allocated from this zone.
911 Note that allocations like PTEs-from-HighMem still
912 use the HighMem zone if it exists, and the Normal
915 movablecore=nn[KMG] [KNL,X86-32,IA-64,PPC,X86-64] This parameter
916 is similar to kernelcore except it specifies the
917 amount of memory used for migratable allocations.
918 If both kernelcore and movablecore is specified,
919 then kernelcore will be at *least* the specified
920 value but may be more. If movablecore on its own
921 is specified, the administrator must be careful
922 that the amount of memory usable for all allocations
927 kstack=N [X86-32,X86-64] Print N words from the kernel stack
932 lapic [X86-32,APIC] Enable the local APIC even if BIOS
935 lapic_timer_c2_ok [X86-32,x86-64,APIC] trust the local apic timer in
938 libata.dma= [LIBATA] DMA control
939 libata.dma=0 Disable all PATA and SATA DMA
940 libata.dma=1 PATA and SATA Disk DMA only
941 libata.dma=2 ATAPI (CDROM) DMA only
942 libata.dma=4 Compact Flash DMA only
943 Combinations also work, so libata.dma=3 enables DMA
944 for disks and CDROMs, but not CFs.
946 libata.noacpi [LIBATA] Disables use of ACPI in libata suspend/resume
950 load_ramdisk= [RAM] List of ramdisks to load from floppy
951 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
953 lockd.nlm_grace_period=P [NFS] Assign grace period.
956 lockd.nlm_tcpport=N [NFS] Assign TCP port.
959 lockd.nlm_timeout=T [NFS] Assign timeout value.
962 lockd.nlm_udpport=M [NFS] Assign UDP port.
965 logibm.irq= [HW,MOUSE] Logitech Bus Mouse Driver
968 loglevel= All Kernel Messages with a loglevel smaller than the
969 console loglevel will be printed to the console. It can
970 also be changed with klogd or other programs. The
971 loglevels are defined as follows:
973 0 (KERN_EMERG) system is unusable
974 1 (KERN_ALERT) action must be taken immediately
975 2 (KERN_CRIT) critical conditions
976 3 (KERN_ERR) error conditions
977 4 (KERN_WARNING) warning conditions
978 5 (KERN_NOTICE) normal but significant condition
979 6 (KERN_INFO) informational
980 7 (KERN_DEBUG) debug-level messages
982 log_buf_len=n Sets the size of the printk ring buffer, in bytes.
983 Format: { n | nk | nM }
984 n must be a power of two. The default size
985 is set in the kernel config file.
987 logo.nologo [FB] Disables display of the built-in Linux logo.
988 This may be used to provide more screen space for
989 kernel log messages and is useful when debugging
990 kernel boot problems.
992 lp=0 [LP] Specify parallel ports to use, e.g,
993 lp=port[,port...] lp=none,parport0 (lp0 not configured, lp1 uses
994 lp=reset first parallel port). 'lp=0' disables the
995 lp=auto printer driver. 'lp=reset' (which can be
996 specified in addition to the ports) causes
997 attached printers to be reset. Using
998 lp=port1,port2,... specifies the parallel ports
999 to associate lp devices with, starting with
1000 lp0. A port specification may be 'none' to skip
1001 that lp device, or a parport name such as
1002 'parport0'. Specifying 'lp=auto' instead of a
1003 port specification list means that device IDs
1004 from each port should be examined, to see if
1005 an IEEE 1284-compliant printer is attached; if
1006 so, the driver will manage that printer.
1007 See also header of drivers/char/lp.c.
1010 Sets loops_per_jiffy to given constant, thus avoiding
1011 time-consuming boot-time autodetection (up to 250 ms per
1012 CPU). 0 enables autodetection (default). To determine
1013 the correct value for your kernel, boot with normal
1014 autodetection and see what value is printed. Note that
1015 on SMP systems the preset will be applied to all CPUs,
1016 which is likely to cause problems if your CPUs need
1017 significantly divergent settings. An incorrect value
1018 will cause delays in the kernel to be wrong, leading to
1019 unpredictable I/O errors and other breakage. Although
1020 unlikely, in the extreme case this might damage your
1024 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
1026 mac5380= [HW,SCSI] Format:
1027 <can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
1029 mac53c9x= [HW,SCSI] Format:
1030 <num_esps>,<disconnect>,<nosync>,<can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
1032 machvec= [IA64] Force the use of a particular machine-vector
1033 (machvec) in a generic kernel.
1034 Example: machvec=hpzx1_swiotlb
1036 max_loop= [LOOP] Maximum number of loopback devices that can
1040 maxcpus= [SMP] Maximum number of processors that an SMP kernel
1041 should make use of. maxcpus=n : n >= 0 limits the
1042 kernel to using 'n' processors. n=0 is a special case,
1043 it is equivalent to "nosmp", which also disables
1046 max_addr=[KMG] [KNL,BOOT,ia64] All physical memory greater than or
1047 equal to this physical address is ignored.
1049 max_luns= [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs to probe.
1050 Should be between 1 and 2^32-1.
1053 [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs received.
1054 Should be between 1 and 16384.
1056 mca-pentium [BUGS=X86-32]
1060 mce [X86-32] Machine Check Exception
1062 mce=option [X86-64] See Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt
1064 md= [HW] RAID subsystems devices and level
1065 See Documentation/md.txt.
1068 Format: <first>,<last>
1069 Specifies range of consoles to be captured by the MDA.
1071 mem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Force usage of a specific amount of memory
1072 Amount of memory to be used when the kernel is not able
1073 to see the whole system memory or for test.
1074 [X86-32] Use together with memmap= to avoid physical
1075 address space collisions. Without memmap= PCI devices
1076 could be placed at addresses belonging to unused RAM.
1078 mem=nopentium [BUGS=X86-32] Disable usage of 4MB pages for kernel
1081 memmap=exactmap [KNL,X86-32,X86_64] Enable setting of an exact
1082 E820 memory map, as specified by the user.
1083 Such memmap=exactmap lines can be constructed based on
1084 BIOS output or other requirements. See the memmap=nn@ss
1087 memmap=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
1088 [KNL] Force usage of a specific region of memory
1089 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
1091 memmap=nn[KMG]#ss[KMG]
1092 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as ACPI data.
1093 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
1095 memmap=nn[KMG]$ss[KMG]
1096 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as reserved.
1097 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
1099 meye.*= [HW] Set MotionEye Camera parameters
1100 See Documentation/video4linux/meye.txt.
1102 mfgpt_irq= [IA-32] Specify the IRQ to use for the
1103 Multi-Function General Purpose Timers on AMD Geode
1106 mfgptfix [X86-32] Fix MFGPT timers on AMD Geode platforms when
1107 the BIOS has incorrectly applied a workaround. TinyBIOS
1108 version 0.98 is known to be affected, 0.99 fixes the
1109 problem by letting the user disable the workaround.
1114 [MOUSE] Maximum time between finger touching and
1115 leaving touchpad surface for touch to be considered
1116 a tap and be reported as a left button click (for
1117 touchpads working in absolute mode only).
1119 mousedev.xres= [MOUSE] Horizontal screen resolution, used for devices
1120 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
1121 mousedev.yres= [MOUSE] Vertical screen resolution, used for devices
1122 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
1127 MTD_Partition= [MTD]
1128 Format: <name>,<region-number>,<size>,<offset>
1130 MTD_Region= [MTD] Format:
1131 <name>,<region-number>[,<base>,<size>,<buswidth>,<altbuswidth>]
1134 See drivers/mtd/cmdlinepart.c.
1136 mtouchusb.raw_coordinates=
1137 [HW] Make the MicroTouch USB driver use raw coordinates
1138 ('y', default) or cooked coordinates ('n')
1140 n2= [NET] SDL Inc. RISCom/N2 synchronous serial card
1143 See header of drivers/scsi/NCR_D700.c.
1147 ncr53c400= [HW,SCSI]
1149 ncr53c400a= [HW,SCSI]
1151 ncr53c406a= [HW,SCSI]
1153 ncr53c8xx= [HW,SCSI]
1155 netdev= [NET] Network devices parameters
1156 Format: <irq>,<io>,<mem_start>,<mem_end>,<name>
1157 Note that mem_start is often overloaded to mean
1158 something different and driver-specific.
1159 This usage is only documented in each driver source
1163 See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
1165 nfsroot= [NFS] nfs root filesystem for disk-less boxes.
1166 See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
1168 nfs.callback_tcpport=
1169 [NFS] set the TCP port on which the NFSv4 callback
1170 channel should listen.
1172 nfs.idmap_cache_timeout=
1173 [NFS] set the maximum lifetime for idmapper cache
1177 [NFS] enable 64-bit inode numbers.
1178 If zero, the NFS client will fake up a 32-bit inode
1179 number for the readdir() and stat() syscalls instead
1180 of returning the full 64-bit number.
1181 The default is to return 64-bit inode numbers.
1183 nmi_debug= [KNL,AVR32] Specify one or more actions to take
1184 when a NMI is triggered.
1185 Format: [state][,regs][,debounce][,die]
1187 nmi_watchdog= [KNL,BUGS=X86-32] Debugging features for SMP kernels
1189 no387 [BUGS=X86-32] Tells the kernel to use the 387 maths
1190 emulation library even if a 387 maths coprocessor
1193 noaliencache [MM, NUMA, SLAB] Disables the allocation of alien
1194 caches in the slab allocator. Saves per-node memory,
1195 but will impact performance.
1199 noapic [SMP,APIC] Tells the kernel to not make use of any
1200 IOAPICs that may be present in the system.
1202 nobats [PPC] Do not use BATs for mapping kernel lowmem
1203 on "Classic" PPC cores.
1207 nodelayacct [KNL] Disable per-task delay accounting
1209 nodisconnect [HW,SCSI,M68K] Disables SCSI disconnects.
1211 noefi [X86-32,X86-64] Disable EFI runtime services support.
1215 noexec [X86-32,X86-64]
1216 noexec=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
1217 noexec=off: disable nn-executable mappings
1219 nofxsr [BUGS=X86-32] Disables x86 floating point extended
1220 register save and restore. The kernel will only save
1221 legacy floating-point registers on task switch.
1223 noclflush [BUGS=X86] Don't use the CLFLUSH instruction
1227 no-hlt [BUGS=X86-32] Tells the kernel that the hlt
1228 instruction doesn't work correctly and not to
1231 nohalt [IA-64] Tells the kernel not to use the power saving
1232 function PAL_HALT_LIGHT when idle. This increases
1233 power-consumption. On the positive side, it reduces
1234 interrupt wake-up latency, which may improve performance
1235 in certain environments such as networked servers or
1238 nohz= [KNL] Boottime enable/disable dynamic ticks
1239 Valid arguments: on, off
1242 noirqbalance [X86-32,SMP,KNL] Disable kernel irq balancing
1244 noirqdebug [X86-32] Disables the code which attempts to detect and
1245 disable unhandled interrupt sources.
1247 no_timer_check [X86-32,X86_64,APIC] Disables the code which tests for
1248 broken timer IRQ sources.
1250 noisapnp [ISAPNP] Disables ISA PnP code.
1252 noinitrd [RAM] Tells the kernel not to load any configured
1257 nojitter [IA64] Disables jitter checking for ITC timers.
1259 nolapic [X86-32,APIC] Do not enable or use the local APIC.
1261 nolapic_timer [X86-32,APIC] Do not use the local APIC timer.
1263 noltlbs [PPC] Do not use large page/tlb entries for kernel
1264 lowmem mapping on PPC40x.
1266 nomca [IA-64] Disable machine check abort handling
1268 nomce [X86-32] Machine Check Exception
1270 nomfgpt [X86-32] Disable Multi-Function General Purpose
1271 Timer usage (for AMD Geode machines).
1273 noreplace-paravirt [X86-32,PV_OPS] Don't patch paravirt_ops
1275 noreplace-smp [X86-32,SMP] Don't replace SMP instructions
1276 with UP alternatives
1278 noresidual [PPC] Don't use residual data on PReP machines.
1280 noresume [SWSUSP] Disables resume and restores original swap
1283 no-scroll [VGA] Disables scrollback.
1284 This is required for the Braillex ib80-piezo Braille
1285 reader made by F.H. Papenmeier (Germany).
1289 nosep [BUGS=X86-32] Disables x86 SYSENTER/SYSEXIT support.
1291 nosmp [SMP] Tells an SMP kernel to act as a UP kernel,
1292 and disable the IO APIC. legacy for "maxcpus=0".
1294 nosoftlockup [KNL] Disable the soft-lockup detector.
1296 nosync [HW,M68K] Disables sync negotiation for all devices.
1298 notsc [BUGS=X86-32] Disable Time Stamp Counter
1300 nousb [USB] Disable the USB subsystem
1304 numa_zonelist_order= [KNL, BOOT] Select zonelist order for NUMA.
1305 one of ['zone', 'node', 'default'] can be specified
1306 This can be set from sysctl after boot.
1307 See Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt for details.
1309 nr_uarts= [SERIAL] maximum number of UARTs to be registered.
1314 oprofile.timer= [HW]
1315 Use timer interrupt instead of performance counters
1317 osst= [HW,SCSI] SCSI Tape Driver
1318 Format: <buffer_size>,<write_threshold>
1319 See also Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1321 panic= [KNL] Kernel behaviour on panic
1324 parkbd.port= [HW] Parallel port number the keyboard adapter is
1325 connected to, default is 0.
1327 parkbd.mode= [HW] Parallel port keyboard adapter mode of operation,
1328 0 for XT, 1 for AT (default is AT).
1331 parport= [HW,PPT] Specify parallel ports. 0 disables.
1332 Format: { 0 | auto | 0xBBB[,IRQ[,DMA]] }
1333 Use 'auto' to force the driver to use any
1334 IRQ/DMA settings detected (the default is to
1335 ignore detected IRQ/DMA settings because of
1336 possible conflicts). You can specify the base
1337 address, IRQ, and DMA settings; IRQ and DMA
1338 should be numbers, or 'auto' (for using detected
1339 settings on that particular port), or 'nofifo'
1340 (to avoid using a FIFO even if it is detected).
1341 Parallel ports are assigned in the order they
1342 are specified on the command line, starting
1345 parport_init_mode= [HW,PPT]
1346 Configure VIA parallel port to operate in
1347 a specific mode. This is necessary on Pegasos
1348 computer where firmware has no options for setting
1349 up parallel port mode and sets it to spp.
1350 Currently this function knows 686a and 8231 chips.
1351 Format: [spp|ps2|epp|ecp|ecpepp]
1353 pas2= [HW,OSS] Format:
1354 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<sb_dma16>
1357 See header of drivers/scsi/pas16.c.
1360 Halt all CPUs after the first oops has been printed for
1361 the specified number of seconds. This is to be used if
1362 your oopses keep scrolling off the screen.
1367 See header of drivers/block/paride/pcd.c.
1368 See also Documentation/paride.txt.
1370 pci=option[,option...] [PCI] various PCI subsystem options:
1371 off [X86-32] don't probe for the PCI bus
1372 bios [X86-32] force use of PCI BIOS, don't access
1373 the hardware directly. Use this if your machine
1374 has a non-standard PCI host bridge.
1375 nobios [X86-32] disallow use of PCI BIOS, only direct
1376 hardware access methods are allowed. Use this
1377 if you experience crashes upon bootup and you
1378 suspect they are caused by the BIOS.
1379 conf1 [X86-32] Force use of PCI Configuration
1381 conf2 [X86-32] Force use of PCI Configuration
1383 noaer [PCIE] If the PCIEAER kernel config parameter is
1384 enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to
1385 disable the use of PCIE advanced error reporting.
1386 nodomains [PCI] Disable support for multiple PCI
1387 root domains (aka PCI segments, in ACPI-speak).
1388 nommconf [X86-32,X86_64] Disable use of MMCONFIG for PCI
1390 nomsi [MSI] If the PCI_MSI kernel config parameter is
1391 enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to
1392 disable the use of MSI interrupts system-wide.
1393 nosort [X86-32] Don't sort PCI devices according to
1394 order given by the PCI BIOS. This sorting is
1395 done to get a device order compatible with
1397 biosirq [X86-32] Use PCI BIOS calls to get the interrupt
1398 routing table. These calls are known to be buggy
1399 on several machines and they hang the machine
1400 when used, but on other computers it's the only
1401 way to get the interrupt routing table. Try
1402 this option if the kernel is unable to allocate
1403 IRQs or discover secondary PCI buses on your
1405 rom [X86-32] Assign address space to expansion ROMs.
1406 Use with caution as certain devices share
1407 address decoders between ROMs and other
1409 irqmask=0xMMMM [X86-32] Set a bit mask of IRQs allowed to be
1410 assigned automatically to PCI devices. You can
1411 make the kernel exclude IRQs of your ISA cards
1413 pirqaddr=0xAAAAA [X86-32] Specify the physical address
1414 of the PIRQ table (normally generated
1415 by the BIOS) if it is outside the
1416 F0000h-100000h range.
1417 lastbus=N [X86-32] Scan all buses thru bus #N. Can be
1418 useful if the kernel is unable to find your
1419 secondary buses and you want to tell it
1420 explicitly which ones they are.
1421 assign-busses [X86-32] Always assign all PCI bus
1422 numbers ourselves, overriding
1423 whatever the firmware may have done.
1424 usepirqmask [X86-32] Honor the possible IRQ mask stored
1425 in the BIOS $PIR table. This is needed on
1426 some systems with broken BIOSes, notably
1427 some HP Pavilion N5400 and Omnibook XE3
1428 notebooks. This will have no effect if ACPI
1429 IRQ routing is enabled.
1430 noacpi [X86-32] Do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
1431 or for PCI scanning.
1432 use_crs [X86-32] Use _CRS for PCI resource
1434 routeirq Do IRQ routing for all PCI devices.
1435 This is normally done in pci_enable_device(),
1436 so this option is a temporary workaround
1437 for broken drivers that don't call it.
1438 firmware [ARM] Do not re-enumerate the bus but instead
1439 just use the configuration from the
1440 bootloader. This is currently used on
1441 IXP2000 systems where the bus has to be
1442 configured a certain way for adjunct CPUs.
1443 noearly [X86] Don't do any early type 1 scanning.
1444 This might help on some broken boards which
1445 machine check when some devices' config space
1446 is read. But various workarounds are disabled
1447 and some IOMMU drivers will not work.
1448 bfsort Sort PCI devices into breadth-first order.
1449 This sorting is done to get a device
1450 order compatible with older (<= 2.4) kernels.
1451 nobfsort Don't sort PCI devices into breadth-first order.
1452 cbiosize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is
1453 reserved for the CardBus bridge's IO window.
1454 The default value is 256 bytes.
1455 cbmemsize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is
1456 reserved for the CardBus bridge's memory
1457 window. The default value is 64 megabytes.
1459 pcmv= [HW,PCMCIA] BadgePAD 4
1462 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1464 pdcchassis= [PARISC,HW] Disable/Enable PDC Chassis Status codes at
1467 See arch/parisc/kernel/pdc_chassis.c
1470 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1473 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1475 pirq= [SMP,APIC] Manual mp-table setup
1476 See Documentation/i386/IO-APIC.txt.
1478 plip= [PPT,NET] Parallel port network link
1479 Format: { parport<nr> | timid | 0 }
1480 See also Documentation/parport.txt.
1486 { on | off | curr | res | no-curr | no-res }
1489 [ISAPNP] Exclude IRQs for the autoconfiguration
1492 [ISAPNP] Exclude DMAs for the autoconfiguration
1494 pnp_reserve_io= [ISAPNP] Exclude I/O ports for the autoconfiguration
1495 Ranges are in pairs (I/O port base and size).
1498 [ISAPNP] Exclude memory regions for the
1500 Ranges are in pairs (memory base and size).
1502 print-fatal-signals=
1503 [KNL] debug: print fatal signals
1504 print-fatal-signals=1: print segfault info to
1508 printk.time= Show timing data prefixed to each printk message line
1509 Format: <bool> (1/Y/y=enable, 0/N/n=disable)
1511 profile= [KNL] Enable kernel profiling via /proc/profile
1512 Format: [schedule,]<number>
1513 Param: "schedule" - profile schedule points.
1514 Param: <number> - step/bucket size as a power of 2 for
1515 statistical time based profiling.
1516 Param: "sleep" - profile D-state sleeping (millisecs).
1517 Requires CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS
1518 Param: "kvm" - profile VM exits.
1520 processor.max_cstate= [HW,ACPI]
1521 Limit processor to maximum C-state
1522 max_cstate=9 overrides any DMI blacklist limit.
1524 processor.nocst [HW,ACPI]
1525 Ignore the _CST method to determine C-states,
1526 instead using the legacy FADT method
1528 prompt_ramdisk= [RAM] List of RAM disks to prompt for floppy disk
1530 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1532 psmouse.proto= [HW,MOUSE] Highest PS2 mouse protocol extension to
1533 probe for; one of (bare|imps|exps|lifebook|any).
1534 psmouse.rate= [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse report rate, in reports
1536 psmouse.resetafter= [HW,MOUSE]
1537 Try to reset the device after so many bad packets
1540 [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse resolution, in dpi.
1541 psmouse.smartscroll=
1542 [HW,MOUSE] Controls Logitech smartscroll autorepeat.
1543 0 = disabled, 1 = enabled (default).
1545 pss= [HW,OSS] Personal Sound System (ECHO ESC614)
1547 <io>,<mss_io>,<mss_irq>,<mss_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1550 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1553 [KNL] Number of legacy pty's. Overwrites compiled-in
1556 quiet [KNL] Disable most log messages
1561 See Documentation/md.txt.
1563 ramdisk_blocksize= [RAM]
1564 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1566 ramdisk_size= [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes
1567 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1569 rcupdate.blimit= [KNL,BOOT]
1570 Set maximum number of finished RCU callbacks to process
1573 rcupdate.qhimark= [KNL,BOOT]
1574 Set threshold of queued
1575 RCU callbacks over which batch limiting is disabled.
1577 rcupdate.qlowmark= [KNL,BOOT]
1578 Set threshold of queued RCU callbacks below which
1579 batch limiting is re-enabled.
1583 Run specified binary instead of /init from the ramdisk,
1584 used for early userspace startup. See initrd.
1586 reboot= [BUGS=X86-32,BUGS=ARM,BUGS=IA-64] Rebooting mode
1587 Format: <reboot_mode>[,<reboot_mode2>[,...]]
1588 See arch/*/kernel/reboot.c or arch/*/kernel/process.c
1590 reserve= [KNL,BUGS] Force the kernel to ignore some iomem area
1592 reservetop= [X86-32]
1594 Reserves a hole at the top of the kernel virtual
1597 reset_devices [KNL] Force drivers to reset the underlying device
1598 during initialization.
1601 Specify the partition device for software suspend
1603 resume_offset= [SWSUSP]
1604 Specify the offset from the beginning of the partition
1605 given by "resume=" at which the swap header is located,
1606 in <PAGE_SIZE> units (needed only for swap files).
1607 See Documentation/power/swsusp-and-swap-files.txt
1609 retain_initrd [RAM] Keep initrd memory after extraction
1611 rhash_entries= [KNL,NET]
1612 Set number of hash buckets for route cache
1614 riscom8= [HW,SERIAL]
1615 Format: <io_board1>[,<io_board2>[,...<io_boardN>]]
1617 ro [KNL] Mount root device read-only on boot
1619 root= [KNL] Root filesystem
1621 rootdelay= [KNL] Delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to
1622 mount the root filesystem
1624 rootflags= [KNL] Set root filesystem mount option string
1626 rootfstype= [KNL] Set root filesystem type
1628 rootwait [KNL] Wait (indefinitely) for root device to show up.
1629 Useful for devices that are detected asynchronously
1630 (e.g. USB and MMC devices).
1632 root_plug.vendor_id=
1633 [ROOTPLUG] Override the default vendor ID
1635 root_plug.product_id=
1636 [ROOTPLUG] Override the default product ID
1639 [ROOTPLUG] Enable debugging output
1641 rw [KNL] Mount root device read-write on boot
1643 S [KNL] Run init in single mode
1646 See drivers/net/irda/sa1100_ir.c.
1648 sbni= [NET] Granch SBNI12 leased line adapter
1650 sc1200wdt= [HW,WDT] SC1200 WDT (watchdog) driver
1651 Format: <io>[,<timeout>[,<isapnp>]]
1653 scsi_debug_*= [SCSI]
1654 See drivers/scsi/scsi_debug.c.
1656 scsi_default_dev_flags=
1657 [SCSI] SCSI default device flags
1660 scsi_dev_flags= [SCSI] Black/white list entry for vendor and model
1661 Format: <vendor>:<model>:<flags>
1662 (flags are integer value)
1664 scsi_logging_level= [SCSI] a bit mask of logging levels
1665 See drivers/scsi/scsi_logging.h for bits. Also
1666 settable via sysctl at dev.scsi.logging_level
1667 (/proc/sys/dev/scsi/logging_level).
1668 There is also a nice 'scsi_logging_level' script in the
1669 S390-tools package, available for download at
1670 http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/linux390/s390-tools-1.5.4.html
1672 scsi_mod.scan= [SCSI] sync (default) scans SCSI busses as they are
1673 discovered. async scans them in kernel threads,
1674 allowing boot to proceed. none ignores them, expecting
1675 user space to do the scan.
1677 selinux [SELINUX] Disable or enable SELinux at boot time.
1678 Format: { "0" | "1" }
1679 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
1682 Default value is set via kernel config option.
1683 If enabled at boot time, /selinux/disable can be used
1684 later to disable prior to initial policy load.
1686 selinux_compat_net =
1687 [SELINUX] Set initial selinux_compat_net flag value.
1688 Format: { "0" | "1" }
1689 0 -- use new secmark-based packet controls
1690 1 -- use legacy packet controls
1691 Default value is 0 (preferred).
1692 Value can be changed at runtime via
1693 /selinux/compat_net.
1695 serialnumber [BUGS=X86-32]
1698 Maximal number of shapers.
1701 See header of drivers/scsi/sim710.c.
1708 slub_debug[=options[,slabs]] [MM, SLUB]
1709 Enabling slub_debug allows one to determine the
1710 culprit if slab objects become corrupted. Enabling
1711 slub_debug can create guard zones around objects and
1712 may poison objects when not in use. Also tracks the
1713 last alloc / free. For more information see
1714 Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
1716 slub_max_order= [MM, SLUB]
1717 Determines the maximum allowed order for slabs.
1718 A high setting may cause OOMs due to memory
1719 fragmentation. For more information see
1720 Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
1722 slub_min_objects= [MM, SLUB]
1723 The minimum number of objects per slab. SLUB will
1724 increase the slab order up to slub_max_order to
1725 generate a sufficiently large slab able to contain
1726 the number of objects indicated. The higher the number
1727 of objects the smaller the overhead of tracking slabs
1728 and the less frequently locks need to be acquired.
1729 For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
1731 slub_min_order= [MM, SLUB]
1732 Determines the mininum page order for slabs. Must be
1733 lower than slub_max_order.
1734 For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
1736 slub_nomerge [MM, SLUB]
1737 Disable merging of slabs with similar size. May be
1738 necessary if there is some reason to distinguish
1739 allocs to different slabs. Debug options disable
1740 merging on their own.
1741 For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
1744 Format: <io1>[,<io2>[,...,<io8>]]
1746 smp-alt-once [X86-32,SMP] On a hotplug CPU system, only
1747 attempt to substitute SMP alternatives once at boot.
1749 smsc-ircc2.nopnp [HW] Don't use PNP to discover SMC devices
1750 smsc-ircc2.ircc_cfg= [HW] Device configuration I/O port
1751 smsc-ircc2.ircc_sir= [HW] SIR base I/O port
1752 smsc-ircc2.ircc_fir= [HW] FIR base I/O port
1753 smsc-ircc2.ircc_irq= [HW] IRQ line
1754 smsc-ircc2.ircc_dma= [HW] DMA channel
1755 smsc-ircc2.ircc_transceiver= [HW] Transceiver type:
1756 0: Toshiba Satellite 1800 (GP data pin select)
1757 1: Fast pin select (default)
1760 snd-ad1816a= [HW,ALSA]
1762 snd-ad1848= [HW,ALSA]
1764 snd-ali5451= [HW,ALSA]
1766 snd-als100= [HW,ALSA]
1768 snd-als4000= [HW,ALSA]
1770 snd-azt2320= [HW,ALSA]
1772 snd-cmi8330= [HW,ALSA]
1774 snd-cmipci= [HW,ALSA]
1776 snd-cs4231= [HW,ALSA]
1778 snd-cs4232= [HW,ALSA]
1780 snd-cs4236= [HW,ALSA]
1782 snd-cs4281= [HW,ALSA]
1784 snd-cs46xx= [HW,ALSA]
1786 snd-dt019x= [HW,ALSA]
1788 snd-dummy= [HW,ALSA]
1790 snd-emu10k1= [HW,ALSA]
1792 snd-ens1370= [HW,ALSA]
1794 snd-ens1371= [HW,ALSA]
1796 snd-es968= [HW,ALSA]
1798 snd-es1688= [HW,ALSA]
1800 snd-es18xx= [HW,ALSA]
1802 snd-es1938= [HW,ALSA]
1804 snd-es1968= [HW,ALSA]
1806 snd-fm801= [HW,ALSA]
1808 snd-gusclassic= [HW,ALSA]
1810 snd-gusextreme= [HW,ALSA]
1812 snd-gusmax= [HW,ALSA]
1816 snd-ice1712= [HW,ALSA]
1818 snd-intel8x0= [HW,ALSA]
1820 snd-interwave= [HW,ALSA]
1825 snd-korg1212= [HW,ALSA]
1827 snd-maestro3= [HW,ALSA]
1829 snd-mpu401= [HW,ALSA]
1831 snd-mtpav= [HW,ALSA]
1833 snd-nm256= [HW,ALSA]
1835 snd-opl3sa2= [HW,ALSA]
1843 snd-opti93x= [HW,ALSA]
1847 snd-rme32= [HW,ALSA]
1849 snd-rme96= [HW,ALSA]
1851 snd-rme9652= [HW,ALSA]
1857 snd-sbawe= [HW,ALSA]
1859 snd-serial= [HW,ALSA]
1861 snd-sgalaxy= [HW,ALSA]
1863 snd-sonicvibes= [HW,ALSA]
1868 snd-sun-cs4231= [HW,ALSA]
1870 snd-trident= [HW,ALSA]
1872 snd-usb-audio= [HW,ALSA,USB]
1874 snd-via82xx= [HW,ALSA]
1876 snd-virmidi= [HW,ALSA]
1878 snd-wavefront= [HW,ALSA]
1880 snd-ymfpci= [HW,ALSA]
1882 sonypi.*= [HW] Sony Programmable I/O Control Device driver
1883 See Documentation/sonypi.txt
1885 specialix= [HW,SERIAL] Specialix multi-serial port adapter
1886 See Documentation/specialix.txt.
1888 spia_io_base= [HW,MTD]
1894 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1896 st= [HW,SCSI] SCSI tape parameters (buffers, etc.)
1897 See Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1901 Set the STI (builtin display/keyboard on the HP-PARISC
1902 machines) console (graphic card) which should be used
1903 as the initial boot-console.
1904 See also comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
1907 See comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
1910 Format: bpp:<bpp1>[:<bpp2>[:<bpp3>...]]
1914 Control how the NFS server code allocates CPUs to
1915 service thread pools. Depending on how many NICs
1916 you have and where their interrupts are bound, this
1917 option will affect which CPUs will do NFS serving.
1918 Note: this parameter cannot be changed while the
1919 NFS server is running.
1921 auto the server chooses an appropriate mode
1922 automatically using heuristics
1923 global a single global pool contains all CPUs
1924 percpu one pool for each CPU
1925 pernode one pool for each NUMA node (equivalent
1926 to global on non-NUMA machines)
1928 swiotlb= [IA-64] Number of I/O TLB slabs
1932 sym53c416= [HW,SCSI]
1933 See header of drivers/scsi/sym53c416.c.
1935 sysrq_always_enabled
1937 Ignore sysrq setting - this boot parameter will
1938 neutralize any effect of /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq.
1939 Useful for debugging.
1942 See header of drivers/scsi/t128.c.
1946 thash_entries= [KNL,NET]
1947 Set number of hash buckets for TCP connection
1949 thermal.act= [HW,ACPI]
1950 -1: disable all active trip points in all thermal zones
1951 <degrees C>: override all lowest active trip points
1953 thermal.crt= [HW,ACPI]
1954 -1: disable all critical trip points in all thermal zones
1955 <degrees C>: lower all critical trip points
1957 thermal.nocrt= [HW,ACPI]
1958 Set to disable actions on ACPI thermal zone
1959 critical and hot trip points.
1961 thermal.off= [HW,ACPI]
1962 1: disable ACPI thermal control
1964 thermal.psv= [HW,ACPI]
1965 -1: disable all passive trip points
1966 <degrees C>: override all passive trip points to this value
1968 thermal.tzp= [HW,ACPI]
1969 Specify global default ACPI thermal zone polling rate
1970 <deci-seconds>: poll all this frequency
1971 0: no polling (default)
1973 time Show timing data prefixed to each printk message line
1974 [deprecated, see 'printk.time']
1976 tipar.timeout= [HW,PPT]
1977 Set communications timeout in tenths of a second
1980 tipar.delay= [HW,PPT]
1981 Set inter-bit delay in microseconds (default 10).
1984 See comment before function dc390_setup() in
1985 drivers/scsi/tmscsim.c.
1989 trix= [HW,OSS] MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro
1991 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1993 turbografx.map[2|3]= [HW,JOY]
1994 TurboGraFX parallel port interface
1996 <port#>,<js1>,<js2>,<js3>,<js4>,<js5>,<js6>,<js7>
1997 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
1999 u14-34f= [HW,SCSI] UltraStor 14F/34F SCSI host adapter
2000 See header of drivers/scsi/u14-34f.c.
2009 [USB] Ignore overcurrent events (default N).
2010 Some badly-designed motherboards generate lots of
2011 bogus events, for ports that aren't wired to
2012 anything. Set this parameter to avoid log spamming.
2013 Note that genuine overcurrent events won't be
2016 usbcore.autosuspend=
2017 [USB] The autosuspend time delay (in seconds) used
2018 for newly-detected USB devices (default 2). This
2019 is the time required before an idle device will be
2020 autosuspended. Devices for which the delay is set
2021 to a negative value won't be autosuspended at all.
2024 [USBHID] The interval which mice are to be polled at.
2026 vdso= [X86-32,SH,x86-64]
2027 vdso=2: enable compat VDSO (default with COMPAT_VDSO)
2028 vdso=1: enable VDSO (default)
2029 vdso=0: disable VDSO mapping
2031 vdso32= [X86-32,X86-64]
2032 vdso32=2: enable compat VDSO (default with COMPAT_VDSO)
2033 vdso32=1: enable 32-bit VDSO (default)
2034 vdso32=0: disable 32-bit VDSO mapping
2037 vector=percpu: enable percpu vector domain
2039 video= [FB] Frame buffer configuration
2040 See Documentation/fb/modedb.txt.
2042 vga= [BOOT,X86-32] Select a particular video mode
2043 See Documentation/i386/boot.txt and
2044 Documentation/svga.txt.
2045 Use vga=ask for menu.
2046 This is actually a boot loader parameter; the value is
2047 passed to the kernel using a special protocol.
2049 vmalloc=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Forces the vmalloc area to have an exact
2050 size of <nn>. This can be used to increase the
2051 minimum size (128MB on x86). It can also be used to
2052 decrease the size and leave more room for directly
2055 vmhalt= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after system halt.
2058 vmpanic= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after kernel panic.
2061 vmpoff= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after power off.
2064 waveartist= [HW,OSS]
2065 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
2068 See header of drivers/scsi/wd33c93.c.
2071 See header of drivers/scsi/wd7000.c.
2074 See Documentation/watchdog/wdt.txt.
2076 xd= [HW,XT] Original XT pre-IDE (RLL encoded) disks.
2077 xd_geo= See header of drivers/block/xd.c.
2079 xirc2ps_cs= [NET,PCMCIA]
2081 <irq>,<irq_mask>,<io>,<full_duplex>,<do_sound>,<lockup_hack>[,<irq2>[,<irq3>[,<irq4>]]]
2083 norandmaps Don't use address space randomization
2084 Equivalent to echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space
2086 ______________________________________________________________________
2090 Add documentation for ALSA options.
2091 Add more DRM drivers.