4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
8 * This function is used through-out the kernel (including mm and fs)
9 * to indicate a major problem.
11 #include <linux/module.h>
12 #include <linux/sched.h>
13 #include <linux/delay.h>
14 #include <linux/reboot.h>
15 #include <linux/notifier.h>
16 #include <linux/init.h>
17 #include <linux/sysrq.h>
18 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
19 #include <linux/nmi.h>
20 #include <linux/kexec.h>
21 #include <linux/debug_locks.h>
22 #include <linux/random.h>
23 #include <linux/kallsyms.h>
24 #include <linux/dmi.h>
27 static unsigned long tainted_mask;
28 static int pause_on_oops;
29 static int pause_on_oops_flag;
30 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(pause_on_oops_lock);
34 ATOMIC_NOTIFIER_HEAD(panic_notifier_list);
36 EXPORT_SYMBOL(panic_notifier_list);
38 static long no_blink(long time)
43 /* Returns how long it waited in ms */
44 long (*panic_blink)(long time);
45 EXPORT_SYMBOL(panic_blink);
48 * panic - halt the system
49 * @fmt: The text string to print
51 * Display a message, then perform cleanups.
53 * This function never returns.
56 NORET_TYPE void panic(const char * fmt, ...)
59 static char buf[1024];
61 #if defined(CONFIG_S390)
62 unsigned long caller = (unsigned long) __builtin_return_address(0);
66 * It's possible to come here directly from a panic-assertion and not
67 * have preempt disabled. Some functions called from here want
68 * preempt to be disabled. No point enabling it later though...
74 vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, args);
76 printk(KERN_EMERG "Kernel panic - not syncing: %s\n",buf);
80 * If we have crashed and we have a crash kernel loaded let it handle
82 * Do we want to call this before we try to display a message?
88 * Note smp_send_stop is the usual smp shutdown function, which
89 * unfortunately means it may not be hardened to work in a panic
95 atomic_notifier_call_chain(&panic_notifier_list, 0, buf);
98 panic_blink = no_blink;
100 if (panic_timeout > 0) {
102 * Delay timeout seconds before rebooting the machine.
103 * We can't use the "normal" timers since we just panicked..
105 printk(KERN_EMERG "Rebooting in %d seconds..",panic_timeout);
106 for (i = 0; i < panic_timeout*1000; ) {
107 touch_nmi_watchdog();
112 /* This will not be a clean reboot, with everything
113 * shutting down. But if there is a chance of
114 * rebooting the system it will be rebooted.
120 extern int stop_a_enabled;
121 /* Make sure the user can actually press Stop-A (L1-A) */
123 printk(KERN_EMERG "Press Stop-A (L1-A) to return to the boot prom\n");
126 #if defined(CONFIG_S390)
127 disabled_wait(caller);
131 touch_softlockup_watchdog();
138 EXPORT_SYMBOL(panic);
147 static const struct tnt tnts[] = {
148 { TAINT_PROPRIETARY_MODULE, 'P', 'G' },
149 { TAINT_FORCED_MODULE, 'F', ' ' },
150 { TAINT_UNSAFE_SMP, 'S', ' ' },
151 { TAINT_FORCED_RMMOD, 'R', ' ' },
152 { TAINT_MACHINE_CHECK, 'M', ' ' },
153 { TAINT_BAD_PAGE, 'B', ' ' },
154 { TAINT_USER, 'U', ' ' },
155 { TAINT_DIE, 'D', ' ' },
156 { TAINT_OVERRIDDEN_ACPI_TABLE, 'A', ' ' },
157 { TAINT_WARN, 'W', ' ' },
158 { TAINT_CRAP, 'C', ' ' },
162 * print_tainted - return a string to represent the kernel taint state.
164 * 'P' - Proprietary module has been loaded.
165 * 'F' - Module has been forcibly loaded.
166 * 'S' - SMP with CPUs not designed for SMP.
167 * 'R' - User forced a module unload.
168 * 'M' - System experienced a machine check exception.
169 * 'B' - System has hit bad_page.
170 * 'U' - Userspace-defined naughtiness.
171 * 'D' - Kernel has oopsed before
172 * 'A' - ACPI table overridden.
173 * 'W' - Taint on warning.
174 * 'C' - modules from drivers/staging are loaded.
176 * The string is overwritten by the next call to print_taint().
178 const char *print_tainted(void)
180 static char buf[ARRAY_SIZE(tnts) + sizeof("Tainted: ") + 1];
186 s = buf + sprintf(buf, "Tainted: ");
187 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(tnts); i++) {
188 const struct tnt *t = &tnts[i];
189 *s++ = test_bit(t->bit, &tainted_mask) ?
194 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "Not tainted");
198 int test_taint(unsigned flag)
200 return test_bit(flag, &tainted_mask);
202 EXPORT_SYMBOL(test_taint);
204 unsigned long get_taint(void)
209 void add_taint(unsigned flag)
211 debug_locks = 0; /* can't trust the integrity of the kernel anymore */
212 set_bit(flag, &tainted_mask);
214 EXPORT_SYMBOL(add_taint);
216 static void spin_msec(int msecs)
220 for (i = 0; i < msecs; i++) {
221 touch_nmi_watchdog();
227 * It just happens that oops_enter() and oops_exit() are identically
230 static void do_oops_enter_exit(void)
233 static int spin_counter;
238 spin_lock_irqsave(&pause_on_oops_lock, flags);
239 if (pause_on_oops_flag == 0) {
240 /* This CPU may now print the oops message */
241 pause_on_oops_flag = 1;
243 /* We need to stall this CPU */
245 /* This CPU gets to do the counting */
246 spin_counter = pause_on_oops;
248 spin_unlock(&pause_on_oops_lock);
249 spin_msec(MSEC_PER_SEC);
250 spin_lock(&pause_on_oops_lock);
251 } while (--spin_counter);
252 pause_on_oops_flag = 0;
254 /* This CPU waits for a different one */
255 while (spin_counter) {
256 spin_unlock(&pause_on_oops_lock);
258 spin_lock(&pause_on_oops_lock);
262 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pause_on_oops_lock, flags);
266 * Return true if the calling CPU is allowed to print oops-related info. This
269 int oops_may_print(void)
271 return pause_on_oops_flag == 0;
275 * Called when the architecture enters its oops handler, before it prints
276 * anything. If this is the first CPU to oops, and it's oopsing the first time
277 * then let it proceed.
279 * This is all enabled by the pause_on_oops kernel boot option. We do all this
280 * to ensure that oopses don't scroll off the screen. It has the side-effect
281 * of preventing later-oopsing CPUs from mucking up the display, too.
283 * It turns out that the CPU which is allowed to print ends up pausing for the
284 * right duration, whereas all the other CPUs pause for twice as long: once in
285 * oops_enter(), once in oops_exit().
287 void oops_enter(void)
289 debug_locks_off(); /* can't trust the integrity of the kernel anymore */
290 do_oops_enter_exit();
294 * 64-bit random ID for oopses:
298 static int init_oops_id(void)
301 get_random_bytes(&oops_id, sizeof(oops_id));
305 late_initcall(init_oops_id);
307 static void print_oops_end_marker(void)
310 printk(KERN_WARNING "---[ end trace %016llx ]---\n",
311 (unsigned long long)oops_id);
315 * Called when the architecture exits its oops handler, after printing
320 do_oops_enter_exit();
321 print_oops_end_marker();
324 #ifdef WANT_WARN_ON_SLOWPATH
325 void warn_slowpath(const char *file, int line, const char *fmt, ...)
328 char function[KSYM_SYMBOL_LEN];
329 unsigned long caller = (unsigned long)__builtin_return_address(0);
332 sprint_symbol(function, caller);
334 printk(KERN_WARNING "------------[ cut here ]------------\n");
335 printk(KERN_WARNING "WARNING: at %s:%d %s()\n", file,
337 board = dmi_get_system_info(DMI_PRODUCT_NAME);
339 printk(KERN_WARNING "Hardware name: %s\n", board);
349 print_oops_end_marker();
350 add_taint(TAINT_WARN);
352 EXPORT_SYMBOL(warn_slowpath);
355 #ifdef CONFIG_CC_STACKPROTECTOR
357 * Called when gcc's -fstack-protector feature is used, and
358 * gcc detects corruption of the on-stack canary value
360 void __stack_chk_fail(void)
362 panic("stack-protector: Kernel stack is corrupted");
364 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__stack_chk_fail);
367 core_param(panic, panic_timeout, int, 0644);
368 core_param(pause_on_oops, pause_on_oops, int, 0644);