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[linux-2.6-omap-h63xx.git] / net / mac80211 / rc80211_pid_algo.c
1 /*
2  * Copyright 2002-2005, Instant802 Networks, Inc.
3  * Copyright 2005, Devicescape Software, Inc.
4  * Copyright 2007, Mattias Nissler <mattias.nissler@gmx.de>
5  * Copyright 2007-2008, Stefano Brivio <stefano.brivio@polimi.it>
6  *
7  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
8  * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
9  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
10  */
11
12 #include <linux/netdevice.h>
13 #include <linux/types.h>
14 #include <linux/skbuff.h>
15 #include <linux/debugfs.h>
16 #include <net/mac80211.h>
17 #include "rate.h"
18 #include "mesh.h"
19 #include "rc80211_pid.h"
20
21
22 /* This is an implementation of a TX rate control algorithm that uses a PID
23  * controller. Given a target failed frames rate, the controller decides about
24  * TX rate changes to meet the target failed frames rate.
25  *
26  * The controller basically computes the following:
27  *
28  * adj = CP * err + CI * err_avg + CD * (err - last_err) * (1 + sharpening)
29  *
30  * where
31  *      adj     adjustment value that is used to switch TX rate (see below)
32  *      err     current error: target vs. current failed frames percentage
33  *      last_err        last error
34  *      err_avg average (i.e. poor man's integral) of recent errors
35  *      sharpening      non-zero when fast response is needed (i.e. right after
36  *                      association or no frames sent for a long time), heading
37  *                      to zero over time
38  *      CP      Proportional coefficient
39  *      CI      Integral coefficient
40  *      CD      Derivative coefficient
41  *
42  * CP, CI, CD are subject to careful tuning.
43  *
44  * The integral component uses a exponential moving average approach instead of
45  * an actual sliding window. The advantage is that we don't need to keep an
46  * array of the last N error values and computation is easier.
47  *
48  * Once we have the adj value, we map it to a rate by means of a learning
49  * algorithm. This algorithm keeps the state of the percentual failed frames
50  * difference between rates. The behaviour of the lowest available rate is kept
51  * as a reference value, and every time we switch between two rates, we compute
52  * the difference between the failed frames each rate exhibited. By doing so,
53  * we compare behaviours which different rates exhibited in adjacent timeslices,
54  * thus the comparison is minimally affected by external conditions. This
55  * difference gets propagated to the whole set of measurements, so that the
56  * reference is always the same. Periodically, we normalize this set so that
57  * recent events weigh the most. By comparing the adj value with this set, we
58  * avoid pejorative switches to lower rates and allow for switches to higher
59  * rates if they behaved well.
60  *
61  * Note that for the computations we use a fixed-point representation to avoid
62  * floating point arithmetic. Hence, all values are shifted left by
63  * RC_PID_ARITH_SHIFT.
64  */
65
66
67 /* Adjust the rate while ensuring that we won't switch to a lower rate if it
68  * exhibited a worse failed frames behaviour and we'll choose the highest rate
69  * whose failed frames behaviour is not worse than the one of the original rate
70  * target. While at it, check that the new rate is valid. */
71 static void rate_control_pid_adjust_rate(struct ieee80211_local *local,
72                                          struct sta_info *sta, int adj,
73                                          struct rc_pid_rateinfo *rinfo)
74 {
75         struct ieee80211_sub_if_data *sdata;
76         struct ieee80211_supported_band *sband;
77         int cur_sorted, new_sorted, probe, tmp, n_bitrates, band;
78         struct rc_pid_sta_info *spinfo = (void *)sta->rate_ctrl_priv;
79         int cur = spinfo->txrate_idx;
80
81         sdata = sta->sdata;
82         sband = local->hw.wiphy->bands[local->hw.conf.channel->band];
83         band = sband->band;
84         n_bitrates = sband->n_bitrates;
85
86         /* Map passed arguments to sorted values. */
87         cur_sorted = rinfo[cur].rev_index;
88         new_sorted = cur_sorted + adj;
89
90         /* Check limits. */
91         if (new_sorted < 0)
92                 new_sorted = rinfo[0].rev_index;
93         else if (new_sorted >= n_bitrates)
94                 new_sorted = rinfo[n_bitrates - 1].rev_index;
95
96         tmp = new_sorted;
97
98         if (adj < 0) {
99                 /* Ensure that the rate decrease isn't disadvantageous. */
100                 for (probe = cur_sorted; probe >= new_sorted; probe--)
101                         if (rinfo[probe].diff <= rinfo[cur_sorted].diff &&
102                             rate_supported(sta, band, rinfo[probe].index))
103                                 tmp = probe;
104         } else {
105                 /* Look for rate increase with zero (or below) cost. */
106                 for (probe = new_sorted + 1; probe < n_bitrates; probe++)
107                         if (rinfo[probe].diff <= rinfo[new_sorted].diff &&
108                             rate_supported(sta, band, rinfo[probe].index))
109                                 tmp = probe;
110         }
111
112         /* Fit the rate found to the nearest supported rate. */
113         do {
114                 if (rate_supported(sta, band, rinfo[tmp].index)) {
115                         spinfo->txrate_idx = rinfo[tmp].index;
116                         break;
117                 }
118                 if (adj < 0)
119                         tmp--;
120                 else
121                         tmp++;
122         } while (tmp < n_bitrates && tmp >= 0);
123
124 #ifdef CONFIG_MAC80211_DEBUGFS
125         rate_control_pid_event_rate_change(&spinfo->events,
126                 spinfo->txrate_idx,
127                 sband->bitrates[spinfo->txrate_idx].bitrate);
128 #endif
129 }
130
131 /* Normalize the failed frames per-rate differences. */
132 static void rate_control_pid_normalize(struct rc_pid_info *pinfo, int l)
133 {
134         int i, norm_offset = pinfo->norm_offset;
135         struct rc_pid_rateinfo *r = pinfo->rinfo;
136
137         if (r[0].diff > norm_offset)
138                 r[0].diff -= norm_offset;
139         else if (r[0].diff < -norm_offset)
140                 r[0].diff += norm_offset;
141         for (i = 0; i < l - 1; i++)
142                 if (r[i + 1].diff > r[i].diff + norm_offset)
143                         r[i + 1].diff -= norm_offset;
144                 else if (r[i + 1].diff <= r[i].diff)
145                         r[i + 1].diff += norm_offset;
146 }
147
148 static void rate_control_pid_sample(struct rc_pid_info *pinfo,
149                                     struct ieee80211_local *local,
150                                     struct sta_info *sta)
151 {
152         struct ieee80211_sub_if_data *sdata = sta->sdata;
153         struct rc_pid_sta_info *spinfo = sta->rate_ctrl_priv;
154         struct rc_pid_rateinfo *rinfo = pinfo->rinfo;
155         struct ieee80211_supported_band *sband;
156         u32 pf;
157         s32 err_avg;
158         u32 err_prop;
159         u32 err_int;
160         u32 err_der;
161         int adj, i, j, tmp;
162         unsigned long period;
163
164         sband = local->hw.wiphy->bands[local->hw.conf.channel->band];
165         spinfo = sta->rate_ctrl_priv;
166
167         /* In case nothing happened during the previous control interval, turn
168          * the sharpening factor on. */
169         period = (HZ * pinfo->sampling_period + 500) / 1000;
170         if (!period)
171                 period = 1;
172         if (jiffies - spinfo->last_sample > 2 * period)
173                 spinfo->sharp_cnt = pinfo->sharpen_duration;
174
175         spinfo->last_sample = jiffies;
176
177         /* This should never happen, but in case, we assume the old sample is
178          * still a good measurement and copy it. */
179         if (unlikely(spinfo->tx_num_xmit == 0))
180                 pf = spinfo->last_pf;
181         else {
182                 pf = spinfo->tx_num_failed * 100 / spinfo->tx_num_xmit;
183                 if (ieee80211_vif_is_mesh(&sdata->vif) && pf == 100)
184                         mesh_plink_broken(sta);
185                 pf <<= RC_PID_ARITH_SHIFT;
186                 sta->fail_avg = ((pf + (spinfo->last_pf << 3)) / 9)
187                                         >> RC_PID_ARITH_SHIFT;
188         }
189
190         spinfo->tx_num_xmit = 0;
191         spinfo->tx_num_failed = 0;
192
193         /* If we just switched rate, update the rate behaviour info. */
194         if (pinfo->oldrate != spinfo->txrate_idx) {
195
196                 i = rinfo[pinfo->oldrate].rev_index;
197                 j = rinfo[spinfo->txrate_idx].rev_index;
198
199                 tmp = (pf - spinfo->last_pf);
200                 tmp = RC_PID_DO_ARITH_RIGHT_SHIFT(tmp, RC_PID_ARITH_SHIFT);
201
202                 rinfo[j].diff = rinfo[i].diff + tmp;
203                 pinfo->oldrate = spinfo->txrate_idx;
204         }
205         rate_control_pid_normalize(pinfo, sband->n_bitrates);
206
207         /* Compute the proportional, integral and derivative errors. */
208         err_prop = (pinfo->target << RC_PID_ARITH_SHIFT) - pf;
209
210         err_avg = spinfo->err_avg_sc >> pinfo->smoothing_shift;
211         spinfo->err_avg_sc = spinfo->err_avg_sc - err_avg + err_prop;
212         err_int = spinfo->err_avg_sc >> pinfo->smoothing_shift;
213
214         err_der = (pf - spinfo->last_pf) *
215                   (1 + pinfo->sharpen_factor * spinfo->sharp_cnt);
216         spinfo->last_pf = pf;
217         if (spinfo->sharp_cnt)
218                         spinfo->sharp_cnt--;
219
220 #ifdef CONFIG_MAC80211_DEBUGFS
221         rate_control_pid_event_pf_sample(&spinfo->events, pf, err_prop, err_int,
222                                          err_der);
223 #endif
224
225         /* Compute the controller output. */
226         adj = (err_prop * pinfo->coeff_p + err_int * pinfo->coeff_i
227               + err_der * pinfo->coeff_d);
228         adj = RC_PID_DO_ARITH_RIGHT_SHIFT(adj, 2 * RC_PID_ARITH_SHIFT);
229
230         /* Change rate. */
231         if (adj)
232                 rate_control_pid_adjust_rate(local, sta, adj, rinfo);
233 }
234
235 static void rate_control_pid_tx_status(void *priv, struct net_device *dev,
236                                        struct sk_buff *skb)
237 {
238         struct ieee80211_local *local = wdev_priv(dev->ieee80211_ptr);
239         struct ieee80211_hdr *hdr = (struct ieee80211_hdr *) skb->data;
240         struct ieee80211_sub_if_data *sdata;
241         struct rc_pid_info *pinfo = priv;
242         struct sta_info *sta;
243         struct rc_pid_sta_info *spinfo;
244         unsigned long period;
245         struct ieee80211_supported_band *sband;
246         struct ieee80211_tx_info *info = IEEE80211_SKB_CB(skb);
247
248         rcu_read_lock();
249
250         sta = sta_info_get(local, hdr->addr1);
251         sband = local->hw.wiphy->bands[local->hw.conf.channel->band];
252
253         if (!sta)
254                 goto unlock;
255
256         spinfo = sta->rate_ctrl_priv;
257
258         /* Don't update the state if we're not controlling the rate. */
259         sdata = sta->sdata;
260         if (sdata->force_unicast_rateidx > -1) {
261                 spinfo->txrate_idx = sdata->max_ratectrl_rateidx;
262                 goto unlock;
263         }
264
265         /* Ignore all frames that were sent with a different rate than the rate
266          * we currently advise mac80211 to use. */
267         if (info->tx_rate_idx != spinfo->txrate_idx)
268                 goto unlock;
269
270         spinfo->tx_num_xmit++;
271
272 #ifdef CONFIG_MAC80211_DEBUGFS
273         rate_control_pid_event_tx_status(&spinfo->events, info);
274 #endif
275
276         /* We count frames that totally failed to be transmitted as two bad
277          * frames, those that made it out but had some retries as one good and
278          * one bad frame. */
279         if (info->status.excessive_retries) {
280                 spinfo->tx_num_failed += 2;
281                 spinfo->tx_num_xmit++;
282         } else if (info->status.retry_count) {
283                 spinfo->tx_num_failed++;
284                 spinfo->tx_num_xmit++;
285         }
286
287         /* Update PID controller state. */
288         period = (HZ * pinfo->sampling_period + 500) / 1000;
289         if (!period)
290                 period = 1;
291         if (time_after(jiffies, spinfo->last_sample + period))
292                 rate_control_pid_sample(pinfo, local, sta);
293
294  unlock:
295         rcu_read_unlock();
296 }
297
298 static void rate_control_pid_get_rate(void *priv, struct net_device *dev,
299                                       struct ieee80211_supported_band *sband,
300                                       struct sk_buff *skb,
301                                       struct rate_selection *sel)
302 {
303         struct ieee80211_local *local = wdev_priv(dev->ieee80211_ptr);
304         struct ieee80211_hdr *hdr = (struct ieee80211_hdr *) skb->data;
305         struct ieee80211_sub_if_data *sdata;
306         struct rc_pid_sta_info *spinfo;
307         struct sta_info *sta;
308         int rateidx;
309         u16 fc;
310
311         rcu_read_lock();
312
313         sta = sta_info_get(local, hdr->addr1);
314
315         /* Send management frames and broadcast/multicast data using lowest
316          * rate. */
317         fc = le16_to_cpu(hdr->frame_control);
318         if ((fc & IEEE80211_FCTL_FTYPE) != IEEE80211_FTYPE_DATA ||
319             is_multicast_ether_addr(hdr->addr1) || !sta) {
320                 sel->rate_idx = rate_lowest_index(local, sband, sta);
321                 rcu_read_unlock();
322                 return;
323         }
324
325         /* If a forced rate is in effect, select it. */
326         sdata = IEEE80211_DEV_TO_SUB_IF(dev);
327         spinfo = (struct rc_pid_sta_info *)sta->rate_ctrl_priv;
328         if (sdata->force_unicast_rateidx > -1)
329                 spinfo->txrate_idx = sdata->force_unicast_rateidx;
330
331         rateidx = spinfo->txrate_idx;
332
333         if (rateidx >= sband->n_bitrates)
334                 rateidx = sband->n_bitrates - 1;
335
336         rcu_read_unlock();
337
338         sel->rate_idx = rateidx;
339
340 #ifdef CONFIG_MAC80211_DEBUGFS
341         rate_control_pid_event_tx_rate(
342                 &((struct rc_pid_sta_info *) sta->rate_ctrl_priv)->events,
343                 rateidx, sband->bitrates[rateidx].bitrate);
344 #endif
345 }
346
347 static void rate_control_pid_rate_init(void *priv, void *priv_sta,
348                                           struct ieee80211_local *local,
349                                           struct sta_info *sta)
350 {
351         /* TODO: This routine should consider using RSSI from previous packets
352          * as we need to have IEEE 802.1X auth succeed immediately after assoc..
353          * Until that method is implemented, we will use the lowest supported
354          * rate as a workaround. */
355         struct ieee80211_supported_band *sband;
356         struct rc_pid_sta_info *spinfo = (void *)sta->rate_ctrl_priv;
357
358         sband = local->hw.wiphy->bands[local->hw.conf.channel->band];
359         spinfo->txrate_idx = rate_lowest_index(local, sband, sta);
360         sta->fail_avg = 0;
361 }
362
363 static void *rate_control_pid_alloc(struct ieee80211_local *local)
364 {
365         struct rc_pid_info *pinfo;
366         struct rc_pid_rateinfo *rinfo;
367         struct ieee80211_supported_band *sband;
368         int i, j, tmp;
369         bool s;
370 #ifdef CONFIG_MAC80211_DEBUGFS
371         struct rc_pid_debugfs_entries *de;
372 #endif
373
374         sband = local->hw.wiphy->bands[local->hw.conf.channel->band];
375
376         pinfo = kmalloc(sizeof(*pinfo), GFP_ATOMIC);
377         if (!pinfo)
378                 return NULL;
379
380         /* We can safely assume that sband won't change unless we get
381          * reinitialized. */
382         rinfo = kmalloc(sizeof(*rinfo) * sband->n_bitrates, GFP_ATOMIC);
383         if (!rinfo) {
384                 kfree(pinfo);
385                 return NULL;
386         }
387
388         pinfo->target = RC_PID_TARGET_PF;
389         pinfo->sampling_period = RC_PID_INTERVAL;
390         pinfo->coeff_p = RC_PID_COEFF_P;
391         pinfo->coeff_i = RC_PID_COEFF_I;
392         pinfo->coeff_d = RC_PID_COEFF_D;
393         pinfo->smoothing_shift = RC_PID_SMOOTHING_SHIFT;
394         pinfo->sharpen_factor = RC_PID_SHARPENING_FACTOR;
395         pinfo->sharpen_duration = RC_PID_SHARPENING_DURATION;
396         pinfo->norm_offset = RC_PID_NORM_OFFSET;
397         pinfo->rinfo = rinfo;
398         pinfo->oldrate = 0;
399
400         /* Sort the rates. This is optimized for the most common case (i.e.
401          * almost-sorted CCK+OFDM rates). Kind of bubble-sort with reversed
402          * mapping too. */
403         for (i = 0; i < sband->n_bitrates; i++) {
404                 rinfo[i].index = i;
405                 rinfo[i].rev_index = i;
406                 if (RC_PID_FAST_START)
407                         rinfo[i].diff = 0;
408                 else
409                         rinfo[i].diff = i * pinfo->norm_offset;
410         }
411         for (i = 1; i < sband->n_bitrates; i++) {
412                 s = 0;
413                 for (j = 0; j < sband->n_bitrates - i; j++)
414                         if (unlikely(sband->bitrates[rinfo[j].index].bitrate >
415                                      sband->bitrates[rinfo[j + 1].index].bitrate)) {
416                                 tmp = rinfo[j].index;
417                                 rinfo[j].index = rinfo[j + 1].index;
418                                 rinfo[j + 1].index = tmp;
419                                 rinfo[rinfo[j].index].rev_index = j;
420                                 rinfo[rinfo[j + 1].index].rev_index = j + 1;
421                                 s = 1;
422                         }
423                 if (!s)
424                         break;
425         }
426
427 #ifdef CONFIG_MAC80211_DEBUGFS
428         de = &pinfo->dentries;
429         de->dir = debugfs_create_dir("rc80211_pid",
430                                      local->hw.wiphy->debugfsdir);
431         de->target = debugfs_create_u32("target_pf", S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR,
432                                         de->dir, &pinfo->target);
433         de->sampling_period = debugfs_create_u32("sampling_period",
434                                                  S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR, de->dir,
435                                                  &pinfo->sampling_period);
436         de->coeff_p = debugfs_create_u32("coeff_p", S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR,
437                                          de->dir, &pinfo->coeff_p);
438         de->coeff_i = debugfs_create_u32("coeff_i", S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR,
439                                          de->dir, &pinfo->coeff_i);
440         de->coeff_d = debugfs_create_u32("coeff_d", S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR,
441                                          de->dir, &pinfo->coeff_d);
442         de->smoothing_shift = debugfs_create_u32("smoothing_shift",
443                                                  S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR, de->dir,
444                                                  &pinfo->smoothing_shift);
445         de->sharpen_factor = debugfs_create_u32("sharpen_factor",
446                                                S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR, de->dir,
447                                                &pinfo->sharpen_factor);
448         de->sharpen_duration = debugfs_create_u32("sharpen_duration",
449                                                   S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR, de->dir,
450                                                   &pinfo->sharpen_duration);
451         de->norm_offset = debugfs_create_u32("norm_offset",
452                                              S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR, de->dir,
453                                              &pinfo->norm_offset);
454 #endif
455
456         return pinfo;
457 }
458
459 static void rate_control_pid_free(void *priv)
460 {
461         struct rc_pid_info *pinfo = priv;
462 #ifdef CONFIG_MAC80211_DEBUGFS
463         struct rc_pid_debugfs_entries *de = &pinfo->dentries;
464
465         debugfs_remove(de->norm_offset);
466         debugfs_remove(de->sharpen_duration);
467         debugfs_remove(de->sharpen_factor);
468         debugfs_remove(de->smoothing_shift);
469         debugfs_remove(de->coeff_d);
470         debugfs_remove(de->coeff_i);
471         debugfs_remove(de->coeff_p);
472         debugfs_remove(de->sampling_period);
473         debugfs_remove(de->target);
474         debugfs_remove(de->dir);
475 #endif
476
477         kfree(pinfo->rinfo);
478         kfree(pinfo);
479 }
480
481 static void rate_control_pid_clear(void *priv)
482 {
483 }
484
485 static void *rate_control_pid_alloc_sta(void *priv, gfp_t gfp)
486 {
487         struct rc_pid_sta_info *spinfo;
488
489         spinfo = kzalloc(sizeof(*spinfo), gfp);
490         if (spinfo == NULL)
491                 return NULL;
492
493         spinfo->last_sample = jiffies;
494
495 #ifdef CONFIG_MAC80211_DEBUGFS
496         spin_lock_init(&spinfo->events.lock);
497         init_waitqueue_head(&spinfo->events.waitqueue);
498 #endif
499
500         return spinfo;
501 }
502
503 static void rate_control_pid_free_sta(void *priv, void *priv_sta)
504 {
505         struct rc_pid_sta_info *spinfo = priv_sta;
506         kfree(spinfo);
507 }
508
509 static struct rate_control_ops mac80211_rcpid = {
510         .name = "pid",
511         .tx_status = rate_control_pid_tx_status,
512         .get_rate = rate_control_pid_get_rate,
513         .rate_init = rate_control_pid_rate_init,
514         .clear = rate_control_pid_clear,
515         .alloc = rate_control_pid_alloc,
516         .free = rate_control_pid_free,
517         .alloc_sta = rate_control_pid_alloc_sta,
518         .free_sta = rate_control_pid_free_sta,
519 #ifdef CONFIG_MAC80211_DEBUGFS
520         .add_sta_debugfs = rate_control_pid_add_sta_debugfs,
521         .remove_sta_debugfs = rate_control_pid_remove_sta_debugfs,
522 #endif
523 };
524
525 int __init rc80211_pid_init(void)
526 {
527         return ieee80211_rate_control_register(&mac80211_rcpid);
528 }
529
530 void rc80211_pid_exit(void)
531 {
532         ieee80211_rate_control_unregister(&mac80211_rcpid);
533 }