struct fdtable *fdt;
 
        spin_lock(&files->file_lock);
-
-       error = -EINVAL;
-       if (orig_start >= current->signal->rlim[RLIMIT_NOFILE].rlim_cur)
-               goto out;
-
 repeat:
        fdt = files_fdtable(files);
        /*
        if (start < fdt->max_fds)
                newfd = find_next_zero_bit(fdt->open_fds->fds_bits,
                                           fdt->max_fds, start);
-       
-       error = -EMFILE;
-       if (newfd >= current->signal->rlim[RLIMIT_NOFILE].rlim_cur)
-               goto out;
 
        error = expand_files(files, newfd);
        if (error < 0)
        spin_lock(&files->file_lock);
        if (!(file = fcheck(oldfd)))
                goto out_unlock;
-       if (newfd >= current->signal->rlim[RLIMIT_NOFILE].rlim_cur)
-               goto out_unlock;
        get_file(file);                 /* We are now finished with oldfd */
 
        err = expand_files(files, newfd);
-       if (err < 0)
+       if (unlikely(err < 0)) {
+               if (err == -EMFILE)
+                       err = -EBADF;
                goto out_fput;
+       }
 
        /* To avoid races with open() and dup(), we will mark the fd as
         * in-use in the open-file bitmap throughout the entire dup2()
        switch (cmd) {
        case F_DUPFD:
        case F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC:
+               if (arg >= current->signal->rlim[RLIMIT_NOFILE].rlim_cur)
+                       break;
                get_file(filp);
                err = dupfd(filp, arg, cmd == F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC);
                break;
 
        struct fdtable *fdt;
 
        fdt = files_fdtable(files);
+
+       /*
+        * N.B. For clone tasks sharing a files structure, this test
+        * will limit the total number of files that can be opened.
+        */
+       if (nr >= current->signal->rlim[RLIMIT_NOFILE].rlim_cur)
+               return -EMFILE;
+
        /* Do we need to expand? */
        if (nr < fdt->max_fds)
                return 0;
+
        /* Can we expand? */
        if (nr >= sysctl_nr_open)
                return -EMFILE;
 
        int fd, error;
        struct fdtable *fdt;
 
-       error = -EMFILE;
        spin_lock(&files->file_lock);
 
 repeat:
        fd = find_next_zero_bit(fdt->open_fds->fds_bits, fdt->max_fds,
                                files->next_fd);
 
-       /*
-        * N.B. For clone tasks sharing a files structure, this test
-        * will limit the total number of files that can be opened.
-        */
-       if (fd >= current->signal->rlim[RLIMIT_NOFILE].rlim_cur)
-               goto out;
-
        /* Do we need to expand the fd array or fd set?  */
        error = expand_files(files, fd);
        if (error < 0)
                 * If we needed to expand the fs array we
                 * might have blocked - try again.
                 */
-               error = -EMFILE;
                goto repeat;
        }